The Impact of Rectifier Ripple on the Copper Electropolishing Process

2026.02.03

Copper electropolishing is a precision process that uses anodic dissolution to preferentially dissolve the microscopic protrusions on the copper surface, thereby achieving a mirror-like finish. Unlike mechanical polishing, electropolishing falls under the category of electrochemical machining, which means:

  • It can achieve micron-level precision;
  • It does not introduce mechanical stress;
  • It can handle workpieces with complex shapes.

However, this precision process is extremely sensitive to power supply quality. The purity of the DC waveform output from the rectifier often becomes the key factor determining success or failure.

The specific effects of ripple on copper electropolishing

Surface quality deterioration

Ripple coefficientTypical manifestationsMechanism analysis
<3%Mirror finish, Ra<0.1μmUniform anodic dissolution and stable passivation film
3-8%Slightly hazy, with reduced brightnessVoltage fluctuations cause unstable dissolution rates
>8%Obvious streaks and pitting, Ra>0.5μmPeriodic overdissolution and repassivation occur alternately

Comparison of Rectification Technologies

Technology typeRipple coefficientApplicable Scenarioscost
Traditional silicon rectifier10-25%Coarse plating, electrolytic smeltingLow
SCR5-15%General electroplatingmiddle
High-frequency switching power supply<1-3%Precision electropolishingMedium and high
linear power supply<0.1%Laboratory-level precision controlhigh

When selecting a rectifier for copper electropolishing, consider the following:

  • Ripple coefficient (under rated load): ≤3%, preferably ≤1%
  • Voltage/current regulation accuracy: ±0.5%
  • Dynamic response speed: Recovery time during load changes <10ms
  • Waveform monitoring: Real-time output waveform monitoring
  • Protection functions: Overvoltage, overcurrent, phase loss, and overheat protection

In the field of copper electropolishing, "power supply determines the lower limit, and process determines the upper limit." Rectifier ripple, as a fundamental power supply quality indicator, affects the entire production process. For modern electroplating companies that pursue high quality, high efficiency, and low cost, investing in a high-frequency switching power supply rectifier with a ripple factor of less than 2% will recover costs in the short term through improved quality and reduced energy consumption, and in the long term, it will form the technological foundation of core competitiveness.

We specialize in providing high-performance switching power supply rectifiers with a ripple factor of <1% for the electropolishing industry, supporting: digital control and real-time waveform monitoring; multi-mode switching (voltage regulation/current regulation/constant power); remote monitoring and data logging; and customized design (pulse output, multi-segment programming, etc.). Contact our technical team now to obtain rectifier selection solutions for your copper electropolishing production line.

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